Granite suites: a problematic concept?     

J. D. Clemens  G. N. Phillips 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(4):509-523

Abstract

In Australian stratigraphic nomenclature, the concept of granitic rock suites has been in formal use for over a decade. The basis for this suite classification of granitic rocks is inconsistent and, in eastern Australian usage, unsound on several levels. We also note that the approach used in Western Australia is different. Granitic intrusions are probably not truly amenable to any strict, comprehensive, lithostratigraphic classification. If these rocks are integrated into such a scheme, group- and supergroup-level units (i.e. formal suites and supersuites) should not be incorporated. For the present, mappable units should be recognised at the levels of formation and member. The use of granite suites and supersuites in formal stratigraphic hierarchies is not recommended. Instead, granitic bodies could be grouped into individual plutons, which may or may not form parts of larger batholiths.

1. KEY POINTS

2. The suite-based classification of granitic bodies, as currently used in the Australian Stratigraphic Units Database, is based on unsound principles, and is not employed in a consistent manner.

3. Granitic intrusive rocks probably cannot be grouped using lithostratigraphic principles that are consistent with either the local or international codes.

4. Granitic bodies can be grouped into batholiths, plutons and members, but the names of these units should, for the moment, remain informal.

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Discrimination of Nuclear Explosions against Civilian Sources Based on Atmospheric Xenon Isotopic Activity Ratios     

Martin B. Kalinowski  Anders Axelsson  Marc Bean  Xavier Blanchard  Theodore W. Bowyer  Guy Brachet  Simon Hebel  Justin I. McIntyre  Jana Peters  Christoph Pistner  Maria Raith  Anders Ringbom  Paul R. J. Saey  Clemens Schlosser  Trevor J. Stocki  Thomas Taffary  R. Kurt Ungar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(4-5):517-539

A global monitoring system for atmospheric xenon radioactivity is being established as part of the International Monitoring System that will verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) once the treaty has entered into force. This paper studies isotopic activity ratios to support the interpretation of observed atmospheric concentrations of ¹³⁵Xe, ^133mXe, ¹³³Xe and ^131mXe. The goal is to distinguish nuclear explosion sources from civilian releases. Simulations of nuclear explosions and reactors, empirical data for both test and reactor releases as well as observations by measurement stations of the International Noble Gas Experiment (INGE) are used to provide a proof of concept for the isotopic ratio based method for source discrimination.  相似文献   

Cumulative effects of land use on fish metrics in different types of running waters in Austria     

Clemens?TrautweinEmail author  Rafaela?Schinegger  Stefan?Schmutz 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(2):329-341

The catchment land-use composition of 249 fish sampling sites in Austrian running waters revealed effects on the biological integrity. Beyond correlative analysis, we investigated (1) which land-use category had the strongest effect on fish, (2) whether metrics of functional fish guilds reacted differently, (3) whether there were cumulative effects of land-use categories, and (4) whether effects varied in strength across river types. We fed 5 land-use categories into regression trees to predict the European Fish Index or fish metric of intolerant species (mainly Salmo trutta fario). Agriculture and urbanisation were the best predictors and indicated significant effects at levels of >23.3 and >2%, respectively. Model performance was R ² = 0.15 with the Fish Index and R ² = 0.46 with intolerant species. The tree structure showed a cumulative effect from agriculture and urbanisation. For the intolerant species metric, a combination of high percentages for agriculture and urbanisation was related to moderate status, whereas <7.3% agriculture were related to good status, although urbanisation was higher than 1.8%. Headwater river types showed stronger responses to land use than river types of lower gradient and turned out to be more sensitive to urbanisation than agriculture.  相似文献   

Protocol for Quantitative Detection of Elemental Sulfur and Polysulfide Zero-Valent Sulfur Distribution in Natural Aquatic Samples     

Alexey Kamyshny Jr.    Clemens G. Borkenstein  Timothy G. Ferdelman 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(3):415-435

A HPLC-based protocol has been developed for the determination of zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) speciation, including solid, colloidal elemental sulfur and individual inorganic polysulfides in natural aquatic samples. The protocol includes four experimental procedures: (1) determination of polysulfide speciation by rapid single-phase derivatisation with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate; (2) determination of the sum of polysulfide and colloidal sulfur by reaction with hydrogen cyanide (cyanolysis); (3) determination of total zero-valent sulfur by treatment with zinc chloride followed by extraction with chloroform; and (4) chromatographic determination of polythionates without sample pre-treatment. With proper sampling and preservation techniques in the field or on board ship, this combination of methods allowed the quantitative determination of: (a) individual polysulfide species; (b) dispersed colloidal sulfur; (c) dispersed solid elemental sulfur; and (d) tetra-, penta- and hexathionates. With minor modification, the method could be expanded to include other polythionates. Sixteen various wet chemical and liquid chromatographic methods were tested on nine synthetic reference samples (including solid elemental sulfur, colloidal elemental sulfur, inorganic polysulfides and polythionates) to establish the optimal protocol. The protocol was further evaluated by analysing the zero-valent sulfur content in microbially-produced sulfur and in sulfur from two natural samples of sulfide-rich seawater from tidal flats pools of the Wadden Sea (Germany).  相似文献   

The You Yangs batholith in Southeastern Australia,the sources of its magmas and inferences for local crustal architecture     

J. D. Clemens 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(2):247-264

The 365-Ma You Yangs batholith is a mainly I-type monzogranitic body, containing rocks with both clinopyroxene and hornblende, but with a 2–2.5?km-wide rim of S-type rocks. In places, the margins of the intrusion wedge out laterally. A laccolithic shape may explain there being only low-grade contact metamorphism of the Ordovician metasedimentary wall rocks. The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the granitic rocks suggest that the magmas formed by partial melting of a source that contained some meta-igneous rocks but was dominated by chemically immature metasedimentary types, to impart an evolved Sr isotope signature (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_t?=?0.70877–0.71066 for the main monzogranitic rocks), combined with relatively non-radiogenic εNd_t (–2.4 to –1.9). Crystal fractionation played little role in shaping the compositions of the granitic magmas, with the main variations interpreted to be source-inherited. Igneous-textured microgranular enclaves (IMEs) are prominent in the monzogranitic rocks. The IMEs probably had an ultimate enriched-mantle source, and their magmas did not mix significantly with the crustally derived granitic host magmas. The characteristics of the monzogranitic rocks hosting the enclaves suggest the possibility that an unrecognised metasediment-dominated terrane of ancient arc crust may be present beneath the Bendigo Zone.  相似文献   

Quaternary clay mineralogy in the northern South China Sea (ODP Site 1146) —— Implications for oceanic current transport and East Asian monsoon evolution   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘志飞  汪品先 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(12)

The East Asian monsoon system is a thermodynamic atmospheric circulation induced by the different potential heating between the 揥estern Pacific Warm Pool?(WPWP) and the Asian continent. The circulation patterns dominate seasonal patterns of winds, preci…  相似文献